Can a company invest in crypto in Croatia? d.o.o., obrt, tax and accounting
A Croatian d.o.o. may invest its own money in crypto; no MiCA licence is needed unless it offers crypto services to others. It books crypto as an intangible asset (long-term) or inventory (trading), at cost, and pays profit tax (10% or 18%) on gains when it sells. There is no two-year exemption, and taking the profit out as a dividend adds 12%, so for a long-term holder, owning crypto privately is usually cheaper.
Is it allowed?
Yes. MiCA regulates companies that provide crypto services to others (exchanges, custody, advice). A company buying crypto for its own balance sheet is an investor, like buying shares, and needs no licence. It does need a licensed exchange (see licensed exchanges) that opens business accounts; the large ones (Kraken, Coinbase, Bitstamp, Bitpanda) have business onboarding with company documents and beneficial owner checks.
How it is booked
| Purpose | Standard | Measured at | Price falls below cost | Price rises |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term holding | Intangible asset: HSFI 5 / MRS 38 | Cost (or revaluation model) | Impairment expense, not tax-deductible until sold | Nothing until sold (cost model) |
| Trading | Inventory: HSFI 10 / MRS 2 | Lower of cost and net realisable value | Write-down, not tax-deductible until sold | Stays at cost |
Crypto is not cash and not a financial asset for accounting purposes. Choose the policy before the first purchase, keep every exchange confirmation, and use FIFO for the cost of what you sell.
How it is taxed
- Profit tax on the gain when sold: 10% if the company's annual revenue is up to €1 million, 18% above.
- No two-year exemption. That rule is only for individuals.
- VAT: buying and selling crypto for money is VAT-exempt (Porezna uprava 2015, in line with the EU Court's Hedqvist ruling). If the company accepts crypto as payment for its own goods or services, the sale itself is taxed for VAT as usual.
- Taking the money out: profit paid as a dividend is taxed again at 12%.
Show as table
| Value | Note | |
|---|---|---|
| Held privately, over two years | €0 | exempt |
| Held privately, under two years | €1,200 | 12% capital gains tax |
| d.o.o. with revenue up to €1M, then paid out | €2,080 | 10% profit tax, then 12% dividend tax on the rest |
| d.o.o. with revenue over €1M, then paid out | €2,784 | 18% profit tax, then 12% dividend tax on the rest |
When a company still makes sense
- The money is already in the company and you would pay dividend tax to take it out anyway.
- The company trades actively and can offset gains against business costs and losses (a company can carry tax losses forward, an individual cannot).
- You accept crypto from customers and want to hold part of it.
What about an obrt?
An obrt is taxed through its owner's income tax at the rates set by the city (roughly 15-23.6% and 25-35.4% since 2024), plus contributions, if the crypto is part of the business. A flat-rate (paušalni) obrt has no proper books for such investments. Most obrtnici are better off holding crypto privately, where the 12% and two-year rules apply. Agree the approach with your accountant before buying.
Banks
Croatian banks must check where money comes from. Expect questions when large amounts arrive from an exchange: keep the exchange statements and the board decision to invest ready, and use the same company account for deposits and withdrawals.
Checklist before the first purchase
- Board or owner decision to invest, with the amount and purpose (holding or trading).
- Accounting policy agreed with the accountant (HSFI 5 or HSFI 10).
- Business account at a MiCA-licensed exchange.
- Custody plan: exchange custody or a company multisig wallet with two signers.
- Monthly export of all transactions for the books.
Not tax or legal advice; rules change and individual situations differ. Confirm with a tax adviser. Personal crypto tax rules: crypto tax in Croatia.
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